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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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ethiopia.4
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1991-04-07
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Economy
Overview: Ethiopia is one of the poorest and least developed
countries in Africa. Its economy is based on subsistence
agriculture, which accounts for about 45% of GDP, 90% of
exports, and 80% of total employment; coffee generates over
60% of export earnings. The manufacturing sector is heavily
dependent on inputs from the agricultural sector. The economy
is centrally planned, and over 90% of large-scale industry
is state run. Favorable agricultural weather largely explains
the 4.5% growth in output in FY89.
GDP: $6.6 billion, per capita $130, real growth rate 4.5%
(FY89 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9.6% (FY89).
Unemployment rate: NA; shortage of skilled manpower.
Budget: revenues $1.4 billion; expenditures $1.9 billion,
including capital expenditures of $0.7 billion (FY87).
Exports: $418 million (f.o.b., FY88); commodities--coffee 60%,
hides; partners--US, FRG, Djibouti, Japan, PDRY, France, Italy.
Imports: $1.1 billion (c.i.f., FY88), commodities--food,
fuels, capital goods; partners--USSR, Italy, FRG, Japan,
UK, US, France.
External debt: $2.6 billion (1988).
Industrial production: growth rate -0.2% (FY88 est.).
Electricity: 330,000 kW capacity; 700 million kWh produced,
14 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: cement, textiles, food processing, oil refinery.
Agriculture: accounts for 45% of GDP and is the most important
sector of the economy even though frequent droughts, poor
cultivation practices, and state economic policies keep
farm output low; famines not uncommon; export crops of coffee
and oilseeds grown partly on state farms; estimated 50%
of agricultural production at subsistence level; principal
crops and livestock--cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseeds,
potatoes, sugarcane, vegetables, hides and skins, cattle,
sheep, goats.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $471 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $2.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $8
million; Communist countries (1970-88), $2.0 billion.
Currency: birr (plural--birr); 1 birr (Br) = 100 cents.
Exchange rates: birr (Br) per US$1--2.0700 (fixed rate).
Fiscal year: 8 July-7 July.